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<meta name="description" content="因为最近需要弄个在线热部署的功能，查阅资料找到了Java的Instrumentation功能，很好很强大。写好demo后再IDE中运行，可以实现不停机部署代码。（背景，项目用的springboot）当码农兴高采烈的准备打包jar下班的时候，问题来了？^????^在Agent中获取的Instrumentation对象竟然为null。为什么呢？下面是Agent的jar代码，以及加载Agent的代码。">
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<meta property="og:description" content="因为最近需要弄个在线热部署的功能，查阅资料找到了Java的Instrumentation功能，很好很强大。写好demo后再IDE中运行，可以实现不停机部署代码。（背景，项目用的springboot）当码农兴高采烈的准备打包jar下班的时候，问题来了？^????^在Agent中获取的Instrumentation对象竟然为null。为什么呢？下面是Agent的jar代码，以及加载Agent的代码。">
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                Tomcat中无法获取Instrumentation对象为null解决方法
              
            
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        <p>因为最近需要弄个在线热部署的功能，查阅资料找到了Java的Instrumentation功能，很好很强大。写好demo后再IDE中运行，可以实现不停机部署代码。（背景，项目用的springboot）当码农兴高采烈的准备打包jar下班的时候，问题来了？^????^<br>在Agent中获取的Instrumentation对象竟然为null。为什么呢？下面是Agent的jar代码，以及加载Agent的代码。</p>
<p>Agent<br><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">JavaDynAgent</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> Instrumentation instrumentation;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> Object lockObject = <span class="keyword">new</span> Object();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title">JavaDynAgent</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">agentmain</span><span class="params">(String args, Instrumentation ins)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (lockObject) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (JavaDynAgent.instrumentation == <span class="keyword">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                JavaDynAgent.instrumentation = ins;</span><br><span class="line">                System.out.println(<span class="string">"&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;java agent 代理：init instrumentation"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                System.out.println(instrumentation == <span class="keyword">null</span> ? <span class="string">"&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;null"</span> : <span class="string">"&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;"</span> + instrumentation.toString());</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                System.out.println(<span class="string">"&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;instrumentation is inited"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">//彩蛋</span></span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(JavaDynAgent.class.getClassLoader());</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> Instrumentation <span class="title">getInstrumentation</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> JavaDynAgent.instrumentation;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>加载Agent<br><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">init</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"> 	<span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            virtualMachine = VirtualMachine.attach(pid);</span><br><span class="line">            virtualMachine.loadAgent(agentParth);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">/*</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">            LOGGER.info("**** 代理路径为：&#123;&#125;", agentParth);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">            LOGGER.info("**** virtualMachine 类的加载器为：&#123;&#125;",virtualMachine.getClass().getClassLoader());</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">            LOGGER.info("**** JavaDynAgent的类加载器为：&#123;&#125;", JavaDynAgent.class.getClassLoader());</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">            LOGGER.info("**** jdk的类String的类加载器为：&#123;&#125;", String.class.getClassLoader());</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">            */</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (AttachNotSupportedException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (AgentLoadException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (AgentInitializationException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        LOGGER.info(<span class="string">"****虚拟机加载代理成功!"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        Instrumentation instrumentation = JavaDynAgent.getInstrumentation();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span>(instrumentation == <span class="keyword">null</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        	<span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> RuntimeException(<span class="string">"instrumentation must not be null"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>奇怪就在于此，在IDE中直接运行没有问题，可以得到Instrumentation对象，而打成jar包运行则不行，后面打成war包运行还是不行。把上面注释的调试信息都打开，发现打成war包和jar包时Agent中的Instrumentation其实都是已经赋值的，就是在应用程序中无法得到该Instrumentation对象。各种猜测，</p>
<ol>
<li><p>是不是Tomcat中是一个大的进程，然后，里面跑的JVM是一个一个的小进程。我们在获取的进程PID可能不是正在运行的JVM的进程PID。导致加载Agent不成功。无法获得Instrumentation。然后把所有的进程PID打印出来后，没有正面该猜测。<br>打印机器上所有java进程PID</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">allProcessId</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        MonitoredHost local = MonitoredHost.getMonitoredHost(<span class="string">"localhost"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        Set&lt;?&gt; vmlist = <span class="keyword">new</span> HashSet&lt;&gt;(local.activeVms());</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">for</span> (Object process : vmlist) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            MonitoredVm vm = local.getMonitoredVm(<span class="keyword">new</span> VmIdentifier(<span class="string">"//"</span> + process));</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 获取类名</span></span><br><span class="line">            String processname = MonitoredVmUtil.mainClass(vm, <span class="keyword">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">"****"</span>+process + <span class="string">" ------&gt; "</span> + processname);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (MonitorException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (URISyntaxException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>还是上面的思路，本来是想打印Instrumentation的类对象，但是应用中的Instrumentation是null，无法打印。想到了打印JavaDynAgetn的类加载器。前段时间正好在看类加载器的内容。不同的类加载器加载的类也是不一样的。把Agent中的类加载器和应用服务中JavaDynAgent的类加载器打印出来果然发现问题：</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>Agent中的类加载器<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>应用中的JavaDynAgent类加载器<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ParallelWebappClassLoader</span><br><span class="line">                context: ROOT</span><br><span class="line">                delegate: false</span><br><span class="line">                ----------&gt; Parent Classloader:</span><br><span class="line">                java.net.URLClassLoader@78a2da2</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>喵了个咪的，果然连个类的加载器不一样。既然不一样，其中的关系是什么呢？我们知道，java中有三类加载器 BootstrapClassLaoder,ExtClassLoader,AppClassLoader。并且APPClassLoader是所有应用类加载器的父加载器。我们猜测ParallelWebappClassLoader很可能是AppClassLoader的子类加载器。通过getParent()方法打印，果然其关系为：<br>AppClassLoader -&gt; URLClassLoader -&gt; ParallelWebappClassLoader。找到问题了，那解决办法就很好想到了。我可以找到类加载器，通过反射获取Instrumentation。</p>
<p>应用服务中通过反射获得Instrumentation<br><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Class clazz = JavaDynAgent.class.getClassLoader().getParent().getParent().loadClass(JavaDynAgent.class.getName())</span><br><span class="line">Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField(<span class="string">"instrumentation"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">field.setAccessible(<span class="keyword">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line">Instrumentation instrumentation = (Instrumentation)field.get(clazz);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>果然，这样获取到了Instrumentation的对像。</p>
<p>但是这样这段代码怎么看都别扭，就是那两个getParent()。如果不同的web服务器实现原理不一样，类加载器的继承结构不一样，这段代码岂不是一个坑。那么我们怎么能直接得到java的默认加载器APPClassLoader呢？通过打印的信息：sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader我们知道APPClassLoader一定是Launcher类中的一个内部类。进到源码一看，果不其然。然后发现Launcher有个这样的操作：<br><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Launcher.getLauncher().getClassLoader()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>这个类加载器就是Java的默认加载器APPClassLoader。好了大功告成（^_^感谢IDE的自动提示功能）<br>上面的代码我就可以改成<br><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Class clazz = Launcher.getLauncher().getClassLoader().loadClass(JavaDynAgent.class.getName())</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>因此我们写个通用的获取Instrumentation对象的方法<br><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> Instrumentation <span class="title">getInstrumentation</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">       </span><br><span class="line">        Class clazz = Launcher.getLauncher().getClassLoader().loadClass(JavaDynAgent.class.getName());</span><br><span class="line">        Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField(<span class="string">"instrumentation"</span>) ;</span><br><span class="line">        field.setAccessible(<span class="keyword">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        Instrumentation obj = (Instrumentation) field.get(clazz);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> obj;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (ClassNotFoundException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (NoSuchFieldException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IllegalAccessException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>问题解决了，又可以愉快的开发了。</p>

      
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